Manufacture of transparent soap



. 1.1L. .1. 1 "A. 1,1 mm. 11.. A

252. COMPOSITIONS,

as I

1 V Patented Jan. 1 3, 1 925. if V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J'ICKNAM TSENG, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF TRANSPARENT SOAP.

No Drawing. Application filed June 23, 1921. Serial No. 479,958.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JICKNAM TSENG, a citizen of the Republic of China, residing at London, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in or Relating to the Manufacture of Transparent Soap, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the manufacture of transparent soap in which the use of sugar or glycerine is substituted by rosin.

According to one formula, soap W no is transparent immediately on manufacture is compounded according to this invention of the following ingredients viz: 35 partscocoanut oil, l5 parts cotton seed oil or cas tor oil or other vegtatietnfrrpm or 20 parts rosin (resin) (W. W.) water white colour, 35 ms or parts edible tallow, 14.5 parts caustic soda (N al lomartsfiustic potash "(KUH'KIU parts or 15 parts oxide H O (40 volumes sti b'ng so u 105'):

par s o 0 alcohol mixed with the NaHo and KOH solution, 30 parts water to dissolve NaHo and KOH.

With the formula the process of manufacture may be as follows The rosin, oils and fats are melted at 55 C. and carefully strained into a steam jacketed mixing machine. The stated amount of alcoholic caustic solution at normal temperature is now added to the mixture of melted oils, fats and rosin and thoroughly mixed therewith by stirring the machine for about 15 minutes after which the machine is closed and the mixture heated for eight hours at a constant temperature of 80 C. The steam is then shut off and the mixture allowed to stand overnight, say about 14 hours, in order to ensure complete saponification.

On reheating to 65 C. the mixture is stirred until the whole soap jelly is completely melted. The specified amount of hydrogen peroxide (H 0 is now introduced and the temperature reduced to 0., the machine being stirred for about 5 minutes in order to incorporate the hydrogen peroxide with the mixture. This temperature must be maintained for one and a half hours or until the mixture -changesfrom a dark colorto a pale yellow or amber shade when the temperature is raised to 90 C. to distil off the excess of alcohol (this takes about one hour). The distilled alcohol may be collected and used again.

After distilling oil" the alcohol the steam is shut off and the lid of the machine removed. If it is intended to add any perfume or colouring matter this must be added before the soap solidifies and the machine well stirred to mix thoroughly. The soap can then be run into the frame, cooled and cut into pieces and pressed.

Should the soap not be quite transparent after standing overnight as above described hydrogen peroxide ought to be added before distilling off the excess of alcohol.

If, however, the soap is quite transparent after standing overnight the excess of alcohol is distilled off and the temperature reduced to C. at which temperature the mixture is maintained, after adding the hydrogen peroxide, until the soap becomes a pale color when the steam is'shut off and the soap run into the frame to cool.

Transparent soap manufactured according to the above formula is relatively soft and gives a good lather in hot or cold water.

)Vhere a comparatively hard transparent soap is required giving a finer and more lasting lather it is compounded according to this invention of the following ingreclients:

40 parts Russian tallow, 20 parts castor oil or other vegetable oil, 25 or 20 parts cocoa nut oil, 15 or 20 parts rosin (resin) (W.W.) water white colour, 3 parts caustic potash KOH, 13.85 or 13.8 parts caustic soda (NaHo), 30 parts water to dissolve KOH and NaHo, 45-50 parts 95% alcohol, 6-15 parts hydrogen peroxide H O (40 volumes strong solution).

For a transparent soap of medium hardness the following formula may be employed.

35 parts Russian tallow, 30 parts cocoa nut oil, 20 parts castor oil or other vegetable oil, 15 parts rosin (resin) (W.W) water white colour, 3 parts caustic potash KOH, 13.9 parts caustic soda (NaHo), 30 parts water to dissolve NaI-Io and KOH, 5-15 parts hydrogen peroxide H O (40 volumes strong solution), 45-50 parts 95% alcohol.

The several formulae herein stated give practically no difference as regards transparency but afi'ect rather the quality of the soap according mainly to the percentage of Russion tallow used in each case.

With either of the above formulae the rosin before use must be reduced to a fine powder and all materials used must be of the highest quality.

The process of manufacture is as follows :The oils, fats and rosin are weighed out and put into a steam j'acketed mixing machine. The steam is then turned on and the mixed contents heated until all the fats are melted after which the mixture is thoroughly stirred for about ten minutes. The machine is now closed with a lid and the temperature raised to C. The c'austic solution at the temperature of the room is now added to the oils and melted fats and rosin and thoroughly mixed therewith by stirring the machine for about 15 minutes. The temperature is then raised to C. and the mixture maintained at this temperature for 3 hours; during this period of heating the machine is stirred every hour for about five minutes at a time in order to incorporate the mixture. At this point in the process the stated amount of alcohol is added and the mixture continuously heated for 18 hours at a temperature of 80 C. It is important that after the first hour the machine should be stirred for ten minutes and repeated every hour for a few minutes during the first four hours in order to enable the alcohol to dissolve the hard soap. At the end of the eighteen hours heating the temperature is increased to '--4- C. and maintained for another six ho making twentyfour hours in all. Aftei ring heated the mixture for the necessary. period the temperature is reduced to 65 C. The hydrogen peroxide is now added to the mixture very slowly a small quantity at a time and the machine stirred for two or three minutes in order to incorporate the peroxide with the mixture. It is important that the mixture be maintained at the temperature of ,'65 C. for one hour in order to allow the peroxide to discolour the rosin soap from a port wine colour to an amber shade, after which steam is supplied to the jacket of a filter machine which is connected with the mixing machine by a pipe. When both machines are at the same temperature of 65 C. the contents of the mixing machine are allowed to run slowly into the filter machine in which the filtered so'ap is heated for one and a half hours at the temperature of 65 C. The steam is then shut off in both machines and the soap allowed to stand for half an hour when it may be run into a soap frame. hen cold and solid it is ready to cut and press. It is found advantageous however to dry the soap in hot air for a few hours before pressing.

If the soap is required to be of substantially a port wine colour there is no need to add any hydrogen peroxide to the mixture at all after heating the twenty four hours. In this case however the temperature is reduced to 75 C. and at the same time steam is supplied to the jacketed filter machine to filter the soap in the manner above described.

The soap as it leaves the filter m'achine is quite clear and transparent and of an amber or port wine colour according as to whether or not the hydrogen peroxide content has been added or omitted. The temperatures should be carefully observed by means of thermometers during the whole process.

If it is desired to add any perfume this may be added whilst the soap is in the filter machine and after the steam has been shut off and the temperature reduced to 65 C. The perfume must be thoroughly well mixed with the soap before allowing the soap to run into the soap frame. A good linen cloth should preferably be employed on the filter when the soap is run from the mixing m'achine into the filter machine.

The apparatus employed comprises the two machines abo e referred to each of which consists of a hollow steam jacketed cast iron chamber having a removable lid andprovided with mechanical stirring apparatus. The two machines are connected together by a pipe having a cock and the filter machine includes a fine filter above which the mixture from the mixing machine is delivered. Each machine has a pipe leading to a condenser arranged so that the alcoholic vapors given off may condense and run back into the machines.

The caustic solution is run into the mixing machine from a lye t'ank fitted with a cock and the same means may be employed for the introduction of the alcohol and subsequently of the hydrogen peroxide.

I claim 1. A. process of making transparent soap in which a melted mixture of 35 to &0 parts of Russian tallow, 20 parts of castor oil, 20 to 30 parts of cocoa nut oil and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin is saponified at about 80 C.: the resultant resinous soap being dissolved in 45-50 parts of alcohol during a prolonged heating and stirrin of about 21k hours at a temperature of 80 to 84 C. after which the temperature is reduced to 75 C. prior to filtration.

2. A process of making transparent soap in which a melted mixture of 35 to &0 parts of Russian tallow, 20 parts of castor oil. 20 to 30 parts of cocoa nut oil and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin is saponified at about 80 C.; the resultant resinous soap being dissolved in 45-50 parts of 95% alcohol during a prolonged heating and stirring of about 18 hours at 80 C. after which the temperature is raised to and maintained at about 84 C. for a further period of six hours with intermittent stirring. when it is reduced to 7 5 C. prior to filtration.

3. A process of making transparent soap in which a melted mixture of 35 to 40 parts of Rusian tollow, 20 parts of castor oil, 20 to 30 parts of cocoa nut oil and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin is heated to 75 C. and saponitied by heating and mixing it for three hours at about 80 C. with a solution of 3 parts of caustic potash and 13.8 to 13.9 parts of caustic soda in 30 parts of water, after which 45 to 50 parts of 95% alcohol is added and the temperature of the mixture maintained at 80 C. for 18 hours with intermittent stirring; the temperature being then raised to and maintained at 84 C. for a further 6 hours when it is reduced to 75 C. prior to filtration at 65 C., the filtered soap being maintained at this latter temperature for about one and a half hours before shutting off the heat and running the soap into a frame.

4. A process of making transparent soap in which a melted mixture of to parts of Russian tallow, 20 parts of castor oil, 20 to 30 parts of cocoa nut oil and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin is saponified at about 80 C.; the resultant resinous soap being dissolved in -50 parts of 95% alcohol during a prolonged heating and stirring of about 24 hours at a temperature of 80 C. to 84 'C. after which the temperature is reduced to 65 C. and five to fifteen parts of hydrogen peroxide (40 volumes strong solution) are gradually added and stirred into the mixture for about one hour prior to filtration and drawing.

5. A process of making transparent soap in which a melted mixture of 35 to 40 parts of Russian tallow, 20 parts of castor oil, 20 to 30 parts of cocoa nut oil and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin is saponified at about 80 C.; the resultant resinous soap being dissolved in 45-50 parts of 95% alcohol during a prolonged heating and stirring of about 18 hours at 80 C. after which the temperature is raised to and maintained at about 84 C. for a further period of six hours with intermittent stirring when it is reduced to 65 C. and five to fifteen parts of a strong 40 volume solution of hydrogen peroxide are gradually added to and stirred into the mixture for about one hour prior to filtration.

6. A process of making transparent soap in which a melted mixture of 35 to 40 parts of Russian tallow, 20 parts of castor oil, 20 to 30 parts of cocoa nut oil and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin is heated to 75 C. and saponified by heating and mixing it for three hours at about 80 C. with a solution of 3 parts of caustic potash and 13.8 to 13.9 parts of caustic soda in 30 parts of water, after which 45 to parts of 95% alcohol is added and the temperature of the mixture maintained at 80 C for 18 hours with intermittent stirring; the temperature being then raised to and maintained at 84 C. for a further 6 hours when it is reduced to 65 C. and five to fifteen parts of a strong 40 volume solution of hydrogen peroxide are gradually added to and stirred into the mixture for about one hour prior to filtration, the filtered soap being maintained at the temperature of 65 C. for one and a half hours before run ning the same into a frame.

7. A process of making transparent soap in which a melted and filtered mixture of 35 parts of cocoa-nut oil, 15 parts of cotton seed or castor oil, 30 to 35 parts of edible tallow and 15 to20 parts of water white rosin is heated with a solution of 1.5 parts of caustic potash and 14.5 parts of caustic soda in 30 parts of water and parts of 95% alcohol for about 8 hours at 80 C. with intermittent stirring after which the resinous soap is allowed to stand for about 14 hours with the heat shut off when, on remelting, the excess of alcohol is distilled off and the temperature reduced to C. prior to drawing.

8. A process of making transparent soap in which a melted and filtered mixture of 35 parts of cocoa-nut oil. 15 parts of cotton seed or castor oil. 30 to 35 parts of edible tallow and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin is heated with a solution of 1.5 parts of caustic potash and 14.5 parts of caustic soda in 30 parts of water and 60 parts of 95% alcohol for about 8 hours at 80 C. with intermittent stirring after which the resinous soa is allowed to stand for about 14 hours Wit the heat shut ofi when, on remelting, at 65 C. ten to 15 parts of a strong 40 volume solution of hydrogen peroxide is slowly added and the temperature reduced to 60 C. and the mixture well stirred, after which the temperature is raised to 90 C. to distil ofi' excess of alcohol before shutting off the heat prior to filtration and drawing.

9. A process of making transparent soap in which a melted and filtered mixture of 35 parts of cocoa-nut oil, 15 parts of cotton seed or castor oil. 30 to 35 parts of edible tallow and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin is heated with a solution of 1.5 parts of caustic potash and 14.5 parts of caustic soda in 30 parts of water and 60 parts of 95% alcohol for about 8 hours at 80 C. with intermittent stirring after which the resinous soap is. allowed to stand for about 14 hours with the heat shut off when. on remelting, the excess of alcohol is distilled ofi and the temperature reduced to 65 C. at which temperature the mixture is maintained after adding ten to fifteen parts of a strong 40 volume solution of hydrogen peroxide until the soap becomes a pale colour.

10. A process of making transparent soap comprising the melting at 65 C. of a mixture of 35 parts of cocoa-nut oil, 15 parts of cotton seed or castor oil. 30 to 35 parts of edible tallow and 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin; straining the same; adding a solution of 1.5 parts of caustic potash and 145 parts of caustic soda in 30 parts of water and 60 parts of of 95% alcohol thereto with intermittent stirring; heating the mixture for 8 hours at a constant temperature of SO 1; shutting oil the heat and allowing the resinous soap to stand for about 14 l1ours reheating and stirring the soap to 65 C. until wholly melted, adding to 15 parts of a strong -10 volume solution of hydrogen peroxide; reducing the temperature to and maintaining it at 60 C. for one and a half hours with intermittent stirring until the colour of the soap assumes a pale amber shade, raising the temperature to 90 C. to distil off excess alcohol; shutting off the heat and running the soap into a frame.

11. A soap which is transparent immediately on manufacture and is composed of the following ingredients "iz parts of cocoa-nut oil; 15 parts of castor oil; 15 to parts of water white rosin; 35 to 30 parts of edible taLow; 14.5 parts of caustic soda; 1.5 parts caustic potash; 10 to 15 parts of hydrogen peroxide (40 volumes, strong solution) 60 parts of 95% alcohol and 30 parts of water.

12. A soap which is transparent immediately on manufacture and is composed of the following ingredients viz :40 parts of Russian tallow; 20 parts of castor oil; to 20 parts of cocoa-nut oil; 15 to 20 parts of water white rosin; 3 parts of caustic potash; 13.85 to 13.8 parts of caustic soda; parts of water; 45 to 50 parts of 95% alcohol and 6 to 15 parts of hydrogen peroxide (40 volumes, strong solution).

13. A soap which is transparent immedi ately on manufacture and is composed of the following ingredients viz :35 parts of Russian tallow; 30 parts of cocoa-nut oil; 20 parts of castor oil; 15 parts of Water white rosin; 3 parts of caustic potash; 13.9 parts of caustic soda; 30 parts of Water; 5 to 15 parts of hydrogen peroxide V01: umes, strong solution) and to parts of alcohol.

J ICKNAM TSENG. 

